which is not surprising given that it has to do three conversion steps to reach the active form, retinoic acid. The 103 third parties who use cookies on this service do so for their purposes of displaying and measuring personalized ads, generating audience insights, and developing and improving products. Sodium hydroxide in itself is a potent skin irritant, but once it's reacted (as it is usually in skin care products, like exfoliants) it is totally harmless.

Presumably, the [Retinyl Palmitate] molecule is so large, it is not able to transdermally reach the necessary part of the skin for activity. It is also non-comedogenic, though its pure form is very heavy and greasy so combination and oily skin types might want to avoid it anyway.INCI is a list of the standardized and internationally accepted names used in the declaration of ingredients on cosmetic and personal care products. It’s a solid white stuff that’s very alkaline and used in small amounts to adjust the pH of the product and make it just right. Finance is provided by PayPal Credit (a trading name of PayPal UK Ltd, Whittaker House, Whittaker Avenue, Richmond-Upon-Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom, TW9 1EH). Though its long name does not reveal it, this polymer molecule (big molecule from repeated subunits or monomers) is a relative to the super common, water-loving thickener, Carbomer.

Of course to really get the effect of retinol, you would need to pair this with a body cream that has retinol in it. Similar to Retinyl Palmitate, Retinyl Propionate is also a retinol ester with retinol and propionic acid being attached together. e. reducing TEWL by more than 40%) is not good as it can create a nice moist place for fungi and bacteria to grow. In just 4 weeks, you’ll also notice visible improvements of fine lines, wrinkles and dark spots plus you’ll see it evens skin tone and minimizes the appearance of pores.Once inside the skin, it hydrates, but not from the outside - putting pure water on the skin (hello long baths! Exactly what it sounds: nice smelling stuff put into cosmetic products so that the end product also smells nice. It is very common in gel-type formulas that also contain an oil-phase as well as in cleansers as it also works with most cleansing agents (unlike a lot of other thickeners).