Increasing evidence suggests that fermented foods have health benefits beyond those offered by their original ingredients. This is mainly attributable to the compounds produced by lactic acid bacteria ( 1, 6, 13).

Several exceptions have been found to the general structure featured described above for HMOS. For example, a few HMOS containing a terminal N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) such as A antigen-tetrasaccharide, pentasaccharide, hexasaccharide, 62 and heptasaccharide 63 were isolated from urine or feces of blood group A breast-fed infants. In addition, several HMOS containing 6- O-sulfated monosaccharides have been identified. 64, 65 Several HMOS missing the glucose 59 or lactose 34, 59, 66 at the reducing end have been identified. In addition, an unusually Galβ1–3Gal, 59, 67 Galβ1–4Gal, 68 or Galβ1–6Gal 69 component has been found in several HMOS (see XVII Deviant structures in TABLE IV). Below are a few of the potential health benefits associated with this eating pattern. Improves heart health In addition, a large number of less well-known, traditional lacto-fermented foods are produced all over the world. These include Turkish shalgam, which is a red carrot and turnip juice, and Ethiopian injera, a sourdough flatbread ( 3, 5, 6). Summary

The concept and practice of lacto-vegetarianism among a significant number of people comes from ancient India. [2] Mahatma Gandhi was a notable lacto-vegetarian, who drank milk daily. [14] In 1931, Gandhi commented that: Butter is made from churned cream and contains very little lactose. Regular cream contains some lactose. An LNT benzyl glycoside was efficiently produced from LNT2 benzyl glycoside (synthesized by NmLgtA-catalyzed glycosylation reaction from lactose benzyl glycoside and UDP-GlcNAc) and UDP-Gal using a GST-tagged Escherichia coli O55:H7 β1–3- N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase WbgO fusion protein. 313

According to the Vedas (Hindu holy scriptures), all living beings are equally valued. [18] [19] Hindus believe that vegetarianism is vital for spiritual progress. [20] It takes many more vegetables or plants to produce an equal amount of meat, [21] many more lives are destroyed, and in this way more suffering is caused when meat is consumed. [22] Although some suffering and pain is inevitably caused to other living beings to satisfy the human need for food, according to ahimsa, every effort should be made to minimize suffering. [22] This is to avoid karmic consequences and show respect for living things, because all living beings are equally valued in these traditions, [19] a vegetarian diet rooted in ahimsa is only one aspect of environmentally conscious living, relating to those beings affected by our need for food. [22] However, this does not apply to all Hindus; some do consume meat, though usually not any form of beef. For example, during milk fermentation, bacteria produce a blood-pressure-lowering compound known as angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor). Thus, fermented milk may help treat high blood pressure ( 6, 14). Filippini, Massimo; Srinivasan, Suchita (2019-10-01). "Impact of religious participation, social interactions and globalization on meat consumption: Evidence from India". Energy Economics. Eighth Atlantic Workshop on Energy and Environmental Economics. 84: 104550. doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104550. ISSN 0140-9883. S2CID 211301067. If you are lactose intolerant, you might enjoy lactose free milk, lactose free yogurt or other lactose free dairy products that are produced in a special way to help you digest dairy without stomach pains. Further research is needed to evaluate whether following a lacto-vegetarian diet may help reduce your risk of cancer. Summary

The acidic, low-oxygen environment and addition of salt help foster a habitat that’s friendly to good bacteria and hostile to potentially harmful organisms like fungi and molds ( 3). Large-scale production of LNT2 (6 g/L, 73% yield) and LNnT (> 5 g/L), and lower level formation of lacto- N-neohexaose (LNnH), lacto- N-neooctaose (LNnO), and even lacto- N-neodecaose (LNnD) were reported using living E. coli JM109 cells ( lacY+ lacZ −) engineered to overexpress Neisseria meningitidisβ1–3- N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (NmLgtA) and Neisseria meningitidisβ1–4GalT (NmLgtB). 307