The melting and boiling points of iodine are the highest among the halogens, conforming to the increasing trend down the group, since iodine has the largest electron cloud among them that is the most easily polarised, resulting in its molecules having the strongest van der Waals interactions among the halogens. Similarly, iodine is the least volatile of the halogens, though the solid still can be observed to give off purple vapor. [21] Due to this property iodine is commonly used to demonstrate sublimation directly from solid to gas, which gives rise to a misconception that it does not melt in atmospheric pressure. [27] Because it has the largest atomic radius among the halogens, iodine has the lowest first ionisation energy, lowest electron affinity, lowest electronegativity and lowest reactivity of the halogens. [21] Structure of solid iodine In very rare instances Povidone-iodine 10% w/w Alcoholic Tincture may produce skin reactions in iodine-sensitive subjects. These reactions subside on cessation of treatment. For over 30 years Nettex have been developing and making animal health products from their base in Kent, and they are proud to still conduct all their research and manufacturing in the UK. The Vegan Society has more information about iodine and vegan diets What happens if I take too much iodine?

R = Me, Et, Bu n) may still be isolated. Anhydrous hydrogen iodide is a poor solvent, able to dissolve only small molecular compounds such as nitrosyl chloride and phenol, or salts with very low lattice energies such as tetraalkylammonium halides. [47] Other binary iodine compounds [ edit ]The iodine molecule, I 2, dissolves in CCl 4 and aliphatic hydrocarbons to give bright violet solutions. In these solvents the absorption band maximum occurs in the 520 – 540nm region and is assigned to a π * to σ * transition. When I 2 reacts with Lewis bases in these solvents a blue shift in I 2 peak is seen and the new peak (230 – 330nm) arises that is due to the formation of adducts, which are referred to as charge-transfer complexes. [45] Hydrogen iodide [ edit ] Povidone-iodine 10% w/w Alcoholic Tincture must never be administered orally, and is contra-indicated in neonates, and during pregnancy and lactation. In early periodic tables, iodine was often given the symbol J, for Jod, its name in German. [20] Properties [ edit ] Iodine vapour in a flask. Please ensure that you obtain and retain a proof of posting when you return your goods. This is to protect you in the event that your goods are lost in transit. At room temperature, it is a colourless gas, like all of the hydrogen halides except hydrogen fluoride, since hydrogen cannot form strong hydrogen bonds to the large and only mildly electronegative iodine atom. It melts at −51.0°C and boils at −35.1°C. It is an endothermic compound that can exothermically dissociate at room temperature, although the process is very slow unless a catalyst is present: the reaction between hydrogen and iodine at room temperature to give hydrogen iodide does not proceed to completion. The H–I bond dissociation energy is likewise the smallest of the hydrogen halides, at 295kJ/mol. [47]

In cases where Povidone-Iodine 10% w/w Antiseptic Tincture has been taken orally, gastric lavage with dilute starch mucilage or a 1% solution of sodium thiosulphate must be administered. The electrolyte balance must be corrected and lost fluids replaced.

Summary of medicine characteristics - VIDENE ANTISEPTIC SOLUTION 10% W/W CUTANEOUS SOLUTION

Due to the oxidising action of povidone-iodine, when patients are undergoing treatment with Povidone-iodine 10% w/w Alcoholic Tincture various diagnostic agents can give false-positive results (inter alia toluidine and guaiac resin for the determination of haemoglobin or glucose in the stools or urine). Care should be taken with known iodine-sensitive subjects, although such people do not normally react to iodinated povidone. Taking high doses of iodine for long periods of time could change the way your thyroid gland works.

Of the thirty-seven known isotopes of iodine, only one occurs in nature, iodine-127. The others are radioactive and have half-lives too short to be primordial. As such, iodine is both monoisotopic and mononuclidic and its atomic weight is known to great precision, as it is a constant of nature. [21] Patients with renal impairment should refer to Section 4.4, special warnings and precautions for use. Fort Airflex Waterproofs Fort Menswear Betacraft Childrenswear Betacraft Mens Rainwear Betacraft Mens Technidairy Betacraft Mens TechniflexElemental iodine is slightly soluble in water, with one gram dissolving in 3450mL at 20°C and 1280mL at 50°C; potassium iodide may be added to increase solubility via formation of triiodide ions, among other polyiodides. [23] Nonpolar solvents such as hexane and carbon tetrachloride provide a higher solubility. [24] Polar solutions, such as aqueous solutions, are brown, reflecting the role of these solvents as Lewis bases; on the other hand, nonpolar solutions are violet, the color of iodine vapour. [23] Charge-transfer complexes form when iodine is dissolved in polar solvents, hence changing the colour. Iodine is violet when dissolved in carbon tetrachloride and saturated hydrocarbons but deep brown in alcohols and amines, solvents that form charge-transfer adducts. [25] I 2• PPh 3 charge-transfer complexes in CH 2Cl 2. From left to right: (1) I 2 dissolved in dichloromethane – no CT complex. (2) A few seconds after excess PPh 3 was added – CT complex is forming. (3) One minute later after excess PPh 3 was added, the CT complex [Ph 3PI] +I − has been formed. (4) Immediately after excess I 2 was added, which contains [Ph 3PI] +[I 3] −. [26] The other iodine radioisotopes have much shorter half-lives, no longer than days. [29] Some of them have medical applications involving the thyroid gland, where the iodine that enters the body is stored and concentrated. Iodine-123 has a half-life of thirteen hours and decays by electron capture to tellurium-123, emitting gamma radiation; it is used in nuclear medicine imaging, including single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and X-ray computed tomography (X-Ray CT) scans. [36] Iodine-125 has a half-life of fifty-nine days, decaying by electron capture to tellurium-125 and emitting low-energy gamma radiation; the second-longest-lived iodine radioisotope, it has uses in biological assays, nuclear medicine imaging and in radiation therapy as brachytherapy to treat a number of conditions, including prostate cancer, uveal melanomas, and brain tumours. [37] Finally, iodine-131, with a half-life of eight days, beta decays to an excited state of stable xenon-131 that then converts to the ground state by emitting gamma radiation. It is a common fission product and thus is present in high levels in radioactive fallout. It may then be absorbed through contaminated food, and will also accumulate in the thyroid. As it decays, it may cause damage to the thyroid. The primary risk from exposure to high levels of iodine-131 is the chance occurrence of radiogenic thyroid cancer in later life. Other risks include the possibility of non-cancerous growths and thyroiditis. [38] Given the large size of the iodide anion and iodine's weak oxidising power, high oxidation states are difficult to achieve in binary iodides, the maximum known being in the pentaiodides of niobium, tantalum, and protactinium. Iodides can be made by reaction of an element or its oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate with hydroiodic acid, and then dehydrated by mildly high temperatures combined with either low pressure or anhydrous hydrogen iodide gas. These methods work best when the iodide product is stable to hydrolysis. Other syntheses include high-temperature oxidative iodination of the element with iodine or hydrogen iodide, high-temperature iodination of a metal oxide or other halide by iodine, a volatile metal halide, carbon tetraiodide, or an organic iodide. For example, molybdenum(IV) oxide reacts with aluminium(III) iodide at 230°C to give molybdenum(II) iodide. An example involving halogen exchange is given below, involving the reaction of tantalum(V) chloride with excess aluminium(III) iodide at 400°C to give tantalum(V) iodide: [55] 3 TaCl 5 + 5 AlI 3 ( excess ) ⟶ 3 TaI 5 + 5 AlCl 3 {\displaystyle {\ce {3TaCl5 + {\underset {(excess)}{5AlI3}}-> 3TaI5 + 5AlCl3}}} It is to be expected that povidone-iodine reacts with protein and various other organic substances such as blood and pus components, for example. This interaction may impair efficacy.