A year later, on an island in Paradise, the Roger Pirates defeated a battalion of Marines when they spotted the Whitebeard Pirates approaching them.

Eiichiro Oda states that his editor told him to draw 4 pages for the story this time because it was for One Piece Yellow. Upon landing back in the Blue Seas, the Going Merry is heavily damaged and Luffy seeks a shipwright to repair it.Sabo is the second in command of the Revolutionary Army, serving directly under Luffy's father, Dragon, and has a bounty of 602,000,000. When helping Kin'emon and the others against Kaidou's fleet at sea, Luffy wore a long, dark-colored coat over his usual attire. However, he was later forced to renege on this promise but was happy to see he managed to escape him. Luffy disliked Mountain Bandits due to being captured by the mountain bandit, Higuma, and almost fed to a Sea King by him before Shanks saved him. Luffy is an energetic goof hiding the pain of having lost his older brother behind his usual silliness and bad grades.

He invaded and indirectly caused the annihilation of Enies Lobby, escaped the impregnable Impel Down, and was a focal figure in the Summit War of Marineford. He had appeared in CGI in the semi-annual live-action television series Yo nimo Kimyō na Monogatari ( Tales of the Unusual) for the celebration of the series's 25th anniversary. Luffy challenges Emperor Kaido but is defeated and thrown in prison alongside fellow Supernova Eustass Kidd. Luffy outright refuted Ace's pleas for him to stop, shouting back at his brother that he can say whatever he likes but that he was still going to try and save him regardless.In the original Japanese version of the One Piece anime series and later spin-offs of the franchise, Luffy is voiced by Mayumi Tanaka.

When Eiichiro Oda created Luffy, he strove for a "manliness" similar to that of Akira Toriyama's Dragon Ball series. He was angry with Luffy when he arrived at the Summit War of Marineford because he feared that he was going to get himself killed, however, he pretended that it was a matter of his pride. When he met Yamato in Wano, the son of Kaidou, he repeatedly brought up Luffy and even annoyed her because of it. Despite this, he will wear his usual outfit in different colors and has been known to sport other miscellaneous items on his person from time to time like in Thriller Bark and Sabaody Archipelago. Luffy's childhood relationship with Garp was dominated by the latter's unorthodox, and brutal, training methods, such as throwing him into valleys, leaving him alone in dangerous forests, and tying him to balloons to fly at high altitudes.He also had no idea about Dragon nor about his position as a criminal and the head of the Revolutionary Army and was thus left confused by everyone's, including his crew's, shock when Garp revealed to them all that Dragon is Luffy's father. He admired Luffy because, "he had been working hard to realize his ideals and despite always facing difficulties he never give up". Ace and Sabo, though they are not related to him by blood but are his sworn brothers through the sakazuki ceremony. During the Whole Cake Island Arc, Luffy wore an open, fancy white cardigan with puffy sleeves along with his standard shorts in red.

He smiled when he heard the news of Luffy's actions at Enies Lobby, remarking to himself that Luffy should live the life he wants and that the day for them to meet will eventually come.To please his readers, Oda added rubberization to Luffy for comic effect [13] and tries to make the character straightforward. He accidentally eats the Human Human fruit, model: "Nika" fruit and acquires rubber powers at the cost of being unable to swim. Luffy also learns that Sanji, who was part of the group that heads to Zou first, had been blackmailed by his family to agree to an arranged marriage to the daughter of Emperor Big Mom. According to Funimation Entertainment's Mike McFarland and Christopher Sabat, Luffy was more likable than Dragon Ball 's Son Goku.